Side frame



G. G. FLOYD Feb. 4, 1930.

SIDE FRAME Filed Aug. 6, 1928 4 2 Sheets-Sheet Feb. 4, 1930.

G. G. FLOYD SIDE FRAME Filed Aug. 6, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 4, v193() vUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GEORGE G. FLOYD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN STEEL FOUNDRIES,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW SIDE FRAME Application filed August 6, 1928.v Serial No. 297,820.

This invention relates to side frames for railway car trucksand in particular to cast side'frames incorporating integrally formed journal boxes.

In building frames of this type for certain classes of railway service, the requirements of definite rigidity and minimum of deflection under maximum imposed loads, in the,

face of a definite weight limitation of casting, create difficult problems for the designer.

- Metal must be distributed where it is most efficacious and care must be exerted to insure lnternal fibre stresses remainlng within reasonable bounds.

An Vobject of the presentinvention is to produce a side frame of the above mentioned type combining maximum rigidity and stiffness, within a definite lweight and fiber stress limitation, through a proper positioning of members and a correct distribution of metal.

Another object is to roduce a side frame ofa design to successfu ly fulfill all requirements of manufacture, test and service, and one which performs these and other functions without additional weight in the frame.

With these and various other objects in view, the invention may consist of certain novel features of construction and operation as will be more fully described and particularly pointed out in the specification, draw! ings and claims appended hereto.

-In the drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of the device and wherein like reference characters are used to designate like parts- I Figure 1 is a longitudinal side elevation of substantially one half of a side framev which is the subject matter of this invention;

Figure 2 is a top plan View of the side frame illustrated in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a graphic representation of concurrent forces acting in the frame underV service conditions;

Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the tension member of the frame, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 4-4 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the tension member of the frame, the same being taken substantially in the JERSEY HEISSUED they plane as indicated by the line 7-7 of 'Figure 1; and

Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the compression member of the frame, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 8-8 of Figure 1.

Referring more particularly to Figures 1 and 2, it will be seen that the integrally cast side frame consists substantially of an upper compression member 20; a lower tension member 21, the vertical struts or pedestals 22-22, journal boxes 23-23 and the portions 24-24 overlying and adjacent to said journal boxes formed by the merging of the compression and tensionv members 20 and 21, respectively.

The compression member 2O is of multiple section, varying from a substantially rectangular section in the merged portion above the journal boxes, as illustrated in Figure 6, to an open channel section'illustrated in Figure 7 and to a rectangular closed section on the frame center as illustrated in Figure 8. The tension member 21 is of similar variation in sectional form, as represented in Figures 4 and 5, in which Figure 4 is of reenforced closed rectangular construction and Figure 5 is of open channel section.

While the Vgeneral type of side frames shown is not uncommon in the art, with the constant increase in car loadings difficulty has been experienced in securing the requisite rigidity without exceeding the imposed limitations of casting weight. To obviate this it was necessary to determine the sections of maximum stress, and after a series of experiments and with the use of strain gauges under varied loads, and after mathematical and graphic analyses, it was found that the maximum deection occurred in the regions adjacent the journal boxes and in proximity to the oint of mergence of the compression mem er 20 and the tension member 21.

In the present' perfected invention the requisite stiffness and rigidity has been secured without materially adding to the total weight by internally increasing the thickness of the side walls 25-25 of region 24 to the left of the dotted boundary indicating. line 26, over the thickness of the side walls of the members 20 and 21 Vand extending to the right of corresponding line 27, all as Viewed in Figure 1. Between said limiting lines 26 and 27 there is a gradual transition of wall section. A similar effect may be had by increasing Athe thickness of the walls radially from a point defined by the junction of the line AB and the extreme inner corner of the journal box, i. e., at point-62, the large radius of the thickened section being the distance from the point 62 to the line 27 measured along line AB, e., from 62 to 64.

An understanding of the forces involved may be had by reference to Figure 3. This ligure diagrammatically represents the above side frame carrying a vertical load, the resultants thereof each being substantially one half of the total load and one of which'is indicated by the force W acting through the journal box center. Considered as a truss, we have a force of compression F1 in the top member and a tensile force F2 in the lower member. The horizontal components of these forces must balance each other to satisfy the necessary condition of equilibrium therefore: F1 cos a--F2 cos b.

he section AB is therefore subject to a shearing force F1 cos a and it should be observed that this section passes through approximately the center of the section indicated by the line CD. Section CD is at the same ltime subject to a vertical shear equal to the journal box load IV and this shear is carried almost entirely by the sidewalls, so it may be said that each side wall carries a total shear of W. It is well known that when a rectangular section is subject to a shearing force, the maximum shearing stress occurs at the center of the section, and

equals one and one half times the average shearing stress.

Thus, the metal in the region under consideration is subjected to the combined horizontal shear and a maximum vertical shear. The combined shearing stress is therefore abnormally high and the result is a high tensile stress as represented by force R which acts in a direction of approximately 45 degrees to the horizontal and bisects the angle between the section lines AB and CD, and since the point Il, at the journal box and junction of the line of force of F2 and section AB, is at a reentrant angle it will carry a high stress due to concentration. To take care of this high resultant force without exoessive fiber stresses the Walls of the region 24 were thickened as before-mentioned, it not being so essential that the tension and compression members be thickened as the shearing stresses in them are relatively unimportant. In order to further lreinforce the region adjacent the inner corner of the journal box, vdiagonal ribs 34 and 36 are provided, said ribs extending along the tension member, i. e., closely adjacent and in the same direction as the resultant of the stresses, and merging into the tension member at points 58 and 60 adjacent the' section thickness defining line 27.

' It is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exact embodiment of the device shown, which is merely by way of illustration and not limitation, as various and other forms of the device will of course be 'apparent to those'skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. A truck side frame having an upper compression member and a lower tension member merging at the ends thereof to form integral journal boxes and having a region overlying said journal boxes, and a reinforcing member disposed' intermediate the upper and lower portion and along one of'said members, and extending substantially in the same direction thereof.

2. A cast side frame for railway car trucks having an upper compression member and a lower tension member, said members being of varied section and merging at journal boxes integral therewith, a portion of the walls of said members overlying and adjacent to said journal boxes being thicker than the walls of said compression and said tension members.

3. In an integrally cast frame for railway car trucks, the combination of an upper compression member, lower tension member, journal boxes connected thereto, and a section overlying said journal boxes formed by the merging of the aforesaid compression and tension members at their outer ends, the side walls of said overlying section adjacent to said journal boxes being of greater thickness than the side walls of said compression and tension members prior to the points of mer- `end portions thereof being of thicker wall section'than that of the side walls of said compression and tension members prior to their mergence into a composite structure.

5. A side frame for railway trucks comprising'in a single casting multiple section side members, journal boxes and portions 'overlying and adjacent to said journal boxes,

said component members, the side walls ofk said region being of thicker'section than the side walls of either of said members.

7. In a structure of the character described,

i the combination of multiple cross section compression and tension members having pedes- `tals forming a substantially square center portion and Vtwo triangular end portions, journal boxes formed vintegrally with said tension and compression members at the outward apex of said triangular sections, said members having a region overlying ard adjacent tol said journal boxes, the side walls of said region being increased in thickness internally over the-side wall section of said tensionl and said compression members.

8. In n a side frame, vthe combination of upper and' `lower chord members, journal boxes connected thereto, said chords-.having sections of lthe wallsfthereof of varying thicknesses adjacent said journal boxes. Y

9.'In av-side frame, the combination of upperand lower chord members, journal boxes connected thereto, saidv chords having sections of the walls thereof of increased thicknesses adjacent said journal boxes.

10. In a truck side frame, the com-bination of an v'upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally-V formed therewithl and` a section `overlying said journal box formed' by' the )merging of said members adjacent Vthe ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickformed therewith ness adjacent the journal box.

11. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a brace ymember extending from said journal box along 'one of said members and merging therewith.

12. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper'compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying Said journal box formed by the merging of being of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a diagonal brace member extending from a corner of said ournal box and along I therewith.

14. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a diagonal brace member extending from the inner corner of said journal box and along said tension member and merging therewith. y

15. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, 'said side walls being of increased .thickness adjacent the journal box, and a diagonal brace member extending fromy a corner of said journal box and along said tension member and merging therewith, said brace member being-spaced from the upper and lower portions of said tension member.

16. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integral-v ly formed therewith, and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging. of said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a diagonal brace member extending from the inner corner of said journal box and along said tension member and merging therewith, said brace member being disposed intermediate the top and bottom portions of said tension member.

17. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member having a web portion, a journal box integrally formed with 'said members and disposed so that the said web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section of the junction of said tension said tension member and merging l formed therewith and a section overlyingA and compression members being of substantially box section having side walls of increased thickness from the thickness of the walls of the tension and compression members..

18. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension. member having a web portion, a journal box integrally formed with said members and disposed so that the said web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section of the junction of said tension and compression members being of substantially box section having side walls of increased thickness from the thickness of the walls of the tension and compression members, and a brace member extending from said journal box and merging into said side walls.

19. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member having a web portion, a` j ournal box integrally formed with said members and disposed so that the said web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section of the unction of said tensionand compression members being of substantially box section having side walls of increased thickness from the thickness of the walls of the tension and compression members, and a brace member extending from said journal box and merging into said side walls, said brace member extending substantially in the direction of said tension member.

In a truck side frame, the combination Il r, or an upper compression member, a lower tension member having a web portion, a j ournalbox integrally formed with said members and disposed so that the said web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section of the junction of said tension and compression members being of substantially box section having side walls of increased thickness from the thickness of the walis of the tension and compression members, and a brace member extending from said journal box and merging into said side walls, said brace member extending in the direction of' said tension member and being intermediate the top and bottom of said member.

21. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower ten sion member,a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying saidv journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends t-hereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness radially from the inner extreme corner of said journal box.

22. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a. lower tension member', a journal box integrally said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness radially from the inner extreme corner of Isaid journal box, and a brace member extending from said corner of said journal box and merging into the vralls of said section. l

23. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box forme-d by the merging of said members adj acent'the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness radially from the inner extreme corner of said journal box, and a brace member extending diagonally from said corner of said journal box in the -dinection of said tension member. y

24. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being.of increased thickness radially from the inner extreme corner of said 'ournal box, and a brace member extending iagonally from said corner of said journal box in the direction of said tension member, and spaced from the upper and lower portions of said tension member.v

In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, and a brace member extending from said ournal box directionally along one of said members and integral therewith.

26. Ina truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewithl and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, and a brace member extending'from said journal box along said tension member and merging therewith.

27. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a ysection overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, and a diagonal brace member extending from a corner of said journalv box and along said tension member and integral therewith, said brace member being spaced from the upper and lower portions of said tension member.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 2nd day of August, 1928.

GEORGE G. FLOYD.

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